دانشگاه اصفهان متن شناسی ادب فارسی 2476-3268 18 1 2026 03 21 Correction and Explanation of Words and Phrases from Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī by Dashtaki Shirazi تصحیح و توضیح لغات و ترکیباتی از جواهرنامۀ سلطانی تألیف دشتکی شیرازی 125 148 29908 10.22108/rpll.2025.145776.2467 FA مریم کسائی دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران Journal Article 2025 06 29 Abstract Attention to stones and jewels has a long history in Iranian culture and civilization, and several works have been written on this subject. One of the valuable texts for the knowledge of minerals is Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī, composed by Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr Dashtakī Shirazi (d. 903). It was written in Shiraz in 886 and dedicated to Abū al-Faṭḥ Khalīl Bahādursoltān, son of Uzun Ḥasan Qara Qoyunlu. The topic of this work is the identification of precious stones with mention of their properties, methods of extraction, prices, and uses. Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī was published in 1335 through the efforts of Professor Manouchehr Sotoudeh under the title Goharnameh. The editor emended the text on the basis of two later manuscripts, dated 1029 and 1292, and published it without commentary or notes. Because the editor did not have access to earlier manuscripts that are now available to us, that edition contains numerous emendations and corruptions. In the present study, based on two early manuscripts in the Ayasofya Library (dated 897) and the Nur-Osmaniye Library (dated 988), the author corrects words and phrases from the Jawāhernâme text and, to substantiate the correctness of the readings, refers to other mineralogical texts and sources. The result of the research is the identification of correct forms and explanations of words and phrases from Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī and it demonstrates the necessity of producing a new critical edition of this text. Keywords: Dashtaki Shirazi; Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī; Early Manuscripts; Scribal Errors and Corruptions; Need for Emendation. Introduction The color and form of certain stones were attractive to ancient people, who ascribed to them a variety of magical and therapeutic properties. In Iranian culture, there are abundant traces of the use of precious stones in the pre-Islamic period. From roughly the third and fourth centuries AH onward, numerous works on the recognition of stones were written; among them are Al-Jamāhir fī al-Jawāhir by Abū Rayḥān al-Birūnī, Jawāhernâme-ye Neẓāmī by Jawharī of Nishapur, and ʿArāʾis al-Jawāhir and Nafāʾis al-Aṭāyib by Abu al-Qāsim Kāshānī. One of the important mineralogical works is Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī, composed by Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr Dashtakī, a well-known physician of Shiraz in the ninth century AH. In 1335, it was emended by Manouchehr Sotoudeh on the basis of two later manuscripts and published under the title Goharnameh in the Farhang-e Irān-zamīn press. The editor’s lack of access to earlier manuscripts caused many corruptions and erroneous emendations in the text. The present study reveals a portion of the textual problems of Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī. Materials and Methods This research relies on two early manuscripts of Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī that, until now, have not been used: first, the manuscript in the Ayasofya Library, no. 3611, dated 897, in naskh script, copied by Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī, comprising 81 folios — the oldest and most reliable known copy of Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī, written six years before the author’s death. Second, the manuscript in the Nur-Osmaniye Library, no. 3763, dated 988, comprising 55 folios, which is the next oldest known copy after the above. In emending and explaining words and compounds, the author relied primarily on these two manuscripts. In addition, to demonstrate the correctness of the readings, several other early mineralogical sources were consulted. Research Findings Persian mineralogical works merit attention from several perspectives. First, they constitute part of the history of science and reflect the outlook of earlier scholars in mineralogy. Second, they are important for popular culture: consideration of these works shows how minerals were reflected in people’s culture and customs. Third, mineral remedies, alongside plant- and animal-based remedies, formed an important part of traditional medicine and are therefore significant for the history of medicine. Correcting the emendations and corruptions found in Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī, for which no fully reliable edition has so far been available, is necessary; such corrections not only clarify aspects of the text but also contribute to a better understanding of the related cultural and scientific contexts. Discussion of Results and Conclusions Precious stones and jewels have long attracted attention in Iran, and besides ornamentation and luxury, beliefs about special functions and magical properties explain human interest in these stones. Several Persian works on mineralogy survive; although they share some subjects, each has particular features and merits. One of the valuable works on minerals is Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī, written by Abū-l-Maʿālī Ṣadr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr Dashtakī, a notable physician of the ninth century AH (d. 903). The author organized his book with a prefatory section and two main parts. In the first part he discusses: pearl (marvārīd), ruby (yāqūt), emerald (zomurrud), peridot (zabarjad), diamond (almās), ʿayn al-har (ʿayn-al-her), laʿl, turquoise (fīrūzeh), pazahr and animal stones, agate (ʿaqīq), stones similar to yāqūt, jasper (jazʿ), magnet, emery (sanbadeh), dahneh, lapis lazuli (lajvard), coral (marjān) and basad, jade (yeshm), crystal (belūr), jamast and some miscellaneous stones. The second part is devoted to metals and treats gold, silver, copper, tin (qalīʿ?), asrab, iron, khārsīnī, and others. This text was emended and printed nearly eighty years ago by Manouchehr Sotoudeh on the basis of two later manuscripts under the title Goharnameh. Because the editor lacked access to the older manuscripts now available, many errors and corruptions entered the printed text. Furthermore, the editor did not consult related works and published the text without any explanatory notes or commentary. What is presented in the present study as corrections and explanations of some of the mistakes and deficiencies of Jawāhernâme-ye Solṭānī indicates the extent of the text’s defects and the multiplicity of its errors, and thereby clarifies the urgent need for a new critical edition. در فرهنگ و تمدن ایرانی توجه به سنگ‌ها و جواهرات از گذشتۀ دور رواج داشته و آثاری در این زمینه تألیف شده است. یکی از متون ارزشمند در شناخت کانی‌ها، جواهرنامۀ سلطانی تألیف صدرالدین محمد بن منصور دشتکی شیرازی (م: 903) است که در سال 886ق. در شیراز نوشته شده و به ابوالفتح خلیل بهادرسلطان فرزند اوزون حسن قراقویونلو تقدیم شده است. موضوع این متن شناخت احجار قیمتی و ذکر خواص، شیوۀ استخراج، قیمت و کاربرد آنهاست. جواهرنامۀ سلطانی در سال 1335، به کوشش استاد منوچهر ستوده با عنوان گوهرنامه به چاپ رسیده است. مصحح، متن مذکور را بر اساس دو نسخۀ متأخر، مورّخ سال‌های 1029 و 1292ق. تصحیح کرده‌ و بدون توضیح و تعلیق منتشر کرده است. این چاپ به سبب عدم دسترسی مصحح به دست‌نویس‌های کهن‌تری که امروز در اختیار ماست، دچار تصحیفات و تحریفات فراوان شده است. نگارنده در این پژوهش بر اساس دو دست‌نویس کهن کتابخانه‌های ایاصوفیا (مورّخ 897ق.) و نورعثمانیه (مورخ 988ق.)، لغات و ترکیباتی را از متن جواهرنامه، تصحیح و برای اثبات درستی ضبط‌ها به متون و منابع دیگری نیز رجوع کرده است. نتیجۀ تحقیق، شناخت صورت صحیح و توضیح لغات و عباراتی از جواهرنامۀ سلطانی و بیانگر ضرورت تصحیح مجدد این متن است.

https://rpll.ui.ac.ir/article_29908_b15c40eebb568e9ccc036f67f0557be3.pdf