The Artistic Application of Arabic Triliteral Root Verbs and Some of Their Morphological Rules in Persian Poetry (Based on the Poems of Kamal al-Din Isma‘il and Khwaju Kermani)

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Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The use of Arabic vocabulary, terms, and compounds in Persian poetry, as well as the composition of Molamma'at (poems in two languages) and the embedding of verses (Tazmin), are methods that have linked the works of Persian-speaking poets with the Arabic language, indicating the deep intertwinement of these two languages. Among the terms used in Persian poetry are those from the science of morphology and syntax. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method, investigates the artistic use of the stems of triliteral verbs (Thulathi Mujarrad) and some of their morphological rules in the poetry of Kamal Esfahani and Khajoo Kermani. The necessity of this research lies in the absence of a comprehensive study on this topic, and its importance stems from the interconnection of the Persian language with Arabic; to the extent that neglecting these issues would leave the conceptual knots of some Persian verses unresolved. The findings of the research determined that most poets of Persian literature have utilized the stems of triliteral verbs (Thulathi Mujarrad) in their poetry through a kind of linguistic play. However, Kamal al-Din [Esfahani] and Khajoo, by delving into the expressive and rhetorical layers of the Arabic language and with the aim of giving depth to their discourse, engaged in theme creation and imagery using the stems of triliteral verbs and their morphological rules. This approach, in addition to creating unique complexities in their poetry, has resulted in one of the most artistic forms of the coexistence of Arabic morphological categories within Persian poetry.

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Main Subjects

Textual Criticism of Persian Literature

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 March 2026

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