نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 گروه زبان و. ادبیات فارسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
From Iranian literature, selected narratives from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh , while in Greek literature, the tragedies of Aeschylus are chosen as the primary texts. In comparing these two cultures, the role of the human being emerges as a central theme, particularly the nature of their actions and reactions in relation to divine systems and the consequences these interactions have on both the individual and society. In the Shahnameh, actions that fall under the categories of Hamartia and Hubris are rare and infrequent, primarily because the relationship between God and human is founded upon justice and fairness. God provides all necessities for humanity and merely expects gratitude in return. Thus, the human in Shahnameh sees little reason to commit acts of Hamartia or Hubris; and if figures like Kay Kāvus and Jamshid engage in such actions, it stems from arrogance and ingratitude rather than dissatisfaction with divine justice. In contrast, Greek culture exhibits a high frequency of actions categorized as Hamartia and subsequently Hubris, reflecting the perceived injustice and limitations imposed by the gods upon humans. The Greek individual initially commits Hamartia, and as self-awareness increases, engages in Hubris in pursuit of personal interests. Through this process of intellectual and existential maturation, and through dialogues with the gods, the Greek human gradually moves beyond Hamartia, legitimizes Hubris, and even secures divine permission and support. Ultimately, the human evolves from a submissive and unquestioning follower of gods—who are often not benevolent—to a being capable of negotiation and dialogue with the divine.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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